Corporate social responsibility (CSR) or corporate social impact is a form of international private business self-regulation which aims to contribute to societal goals of a philanthropic, activist, or charitable nature by engaging in, with, or supporting professional service volunteering through pro bono programs, community development, administering monetary grants to non-profit organizations for the public benefit, or to conduct ethically oriented business and investment practices. While once it was possible to describe CSR as an internal organizational policy or a corporate ethic strategy similar to what is now known today as Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG); that time has passed as various companies have pledged to go beyond that or have been mandated or incentivized by governments to have a better impact on the surrounding community. In addition, national and international standards, laws, and business models have been developed to facilitate and incentivize this phenomenon.

Organizational Change and Development are critical for organizations seeking to thrive in a dynamic environment. By focusing on these objectives, organizations can better navigate transitions, improve their overall effectiveness, and create a more engaged and productive workforce.


 The relationship between management and employees within the organisation within the organisational settings is defined by industrial relations. Industrial relations emerge directly or indirectly from management-trade union relationships.

 Organizational Behavior as a “field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have an organization for the purpose of applying such knowledge improving an organization’s effectiveness“.

Knowledge management basically enhance the knowledge among the employee in the organisation. Knowledge management (KM) is the process of organizing, creating, using, and sharing collective knowledge within an organization. Successful knowledge management includes maintaining information in a place where it is easy to access, like a wiki or employee intranet.